Showing posts with label Modifying. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Modifying. Show all posts

Faq on Modifying the Toyota Supra

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What does Bpu(Tm) stand for? (Bpu(Tm) is a trademark of SupraStore.com)

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How is Faq on Modifying the Toyota Supra

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Basic execution Upgrades. These modifications are: A full distance three inch down-pipe (with or with-out high flow cats), 3" (75mm) or bigger cat-back exhaust system, raised boost (18psi), and the required boost cut eliminator (Greddy Bcc) needed to perform that boost without activating the premise fuel cut-off at 14-15psi. These are the modifications that have proven to furnish the best Hp-to-$$$ ratio.

What does the + mean when someone says Bpu(Tm)+? And what is Apu?

That stands for any additional power producing modifications other than the basic Bpu(Tm) modifications. One "+" refers to Adj. Cam Gears and under-drive pulleys, the second "+" refers to a Fuel controller, Ecu upgrade, etc. For instance, a Supra with the Bpu(Tm) modifications, plus a front-mount intercooler, would be called Bpu(Tm)+. If you added cam gears to that, it would be Bpu(Tm)++, and so on. The "Bpu(Tm)" term is used until you have an upgraded turbo(s). Then it is referred to as Apu, developed execution upgrades. This designation pretty much covers every modification that can be performed.

What are the first machine modifications I should perform?

I recommend starting with raising the boost of the stock turbos to almost 18psi. This will need a capability boost gauge and a boost cut eliminator (Greddy Bcc). You will perform 15 or so Psi with the stock Down Pipe in place. This will furnish an increasing of almost 30rwhp. After those modifications are completed, it would be a logical next step to install the Down Pipe and Cat-Back Exhaust at the same time. You will now be at full Bpu(Tm).

What do all the varied "Free Mods" do?

There are many dissimilar "free mods" for the Supra Tt. I will cover just a few of them here. The ones I will cover fall into three categories, boost control, Egr disabling, and Ttc or True Twin Conversion.

Three of the boost control mods are: Bleeder-T Mod, Clamp Mod, and the Vsv Bypass Mod. Each of these modifications raise boost levels without the use of a boost controller. But you have to keep a close eye on your boost gauge, and make sure they are not allowing the turbos to boost too high (18psi is a safe level).

The next mods, are the true twin conversion mods (or Ttc). This modification disables the Sequential twin turbo operation, and causes the turbos to run enduringly in parallel (both on at the same time). This is supposed to allow for slightly better mid-range power (before the secondary turbo would commonly come online) and allows for a smoother power band, without the abrupt boost growth caused by the transition from former to secondary operation. However, this does noticeably decrease low-end power, and increases exhaust noise levels, and therefore may not be desirable on the street. Two types of the Ttc mod are, the former Ttc mod which includes 2 methods, wiring the actuators, or installing a one way valve, and the Electronic Ttc mod (Ettc).

The last mod I will discuss is the Egr mod. This disables the Exhaust Gas Recirculation system, which is meant for emissions, and therefore, this modification is for off-road use only. This mod is supposed to forestall the super heating of the estimate 5 and 6 cylinders, which may cause burnt valves.

How much power will my car make at Bpu(Tm)?

It varies from car-to-car, and the conditions as well as tuning. Most Bpu(Tm)-only Supra Twin Turbos, dyno between 370 and 410 horsepower at the rear wheels. This is commonly achieved with moderate temperatures, a reset Ecu (to erase anything bad the Ecu may have learned), and often a diminutive bit of high-octane un-leaded race fuel. On the street, power will be reduced, especially in poor weather, but at least 90 percent of the power should be retained.

What kind of 1/4 mile Ets and trap speeds should I run at Bpu(Tm)-only?

It varies Widely depending on driver skill. As well as track conditions, elevation above sea level, ambient temperatures, humidity, and pre-race preparation. But most fall between 12.3 to 12.9 ets with 112 to 119mph trap speeds on street tires. Times can drop well into the 11s with drag radials, a good driver, and good conditions, as well as permissible pre-race preparation.

What is a Bpu(Tm)'d Supra Tt's top speed?

Speeds in the mid-high 180mph range should be achievable. Once the speed-limiter is disabled, by pulling the "Trac" fuse of course.

Will the life of my machine and Drivetrain be adversely affected with the Bpu(Tm) mods?

Yes, but not by a needful amount. If the car is maintained properly, and the car is treated with some respect for the components, you should profess much of the power train's life. Which considering the fact that the Supra is by far one of the most trustworthy and durable sports cars, it will last longer than most well maintained Stock sports cars. The only Drivetrain components that will see a significantly shortened life will be the stock clutch. It will more than likely not last much longer than 8-10k miles once at Bpu(Tm). This especially holds true if the car is manufacture repeated high speed runs using 5th and 6th gear at wide open throttle. If your stock clutch has high mileage on it, or is already starting to slip, you will need to plan on a new high-performance clutch. Also the stock turbos will be subject to a somewhat shortened life span (how short will depend on how you drive and profess the car, as well as how much boost you will run)

What's the reliability of a 600hp Supra Turbo?

Chassis, electrical, and suspension components should see diminutive consequent on reliability on street driven Supras. The stock 2Jz-Gte machine should hold up pretty well to this power level. Just how long depends on maintenance, and how hard you drive it, and how often. But typically Supras can go for years at this power level. The transmission reliability will depend on whether it's an self-acting or Manual. A stock self-acting will not hold this much power, a built transmission will be required, and it's reliability will depend on it's compose and construction. The 6spd manual should hold up just fine, as well as the rear differential and axles.

The only real reliability concerns at these low power levels would surround the actual modifications you perform. Excluding premise short-comings, the components utilized, even very high capability ones, may fall short of premise component reliability, as the built in compromises that exist in everything, would lean more towards the side of ultimate performance, than of ultimate reliability (Keep in mind we are talking about a Toyota here, whose reliabilty standards are exceptionally high) This may include fuel principles components, turbo components, and especially electronic wizardry. Basically a set-up that is whether Very well conceived, or utilizes Oe components as much as possible, without over burdening them, would posses *near* stock reliability. And tuning of the components, and component selection, and matching, would play a Huge role in this.

What are the power limits of the varied premise components (Differential, Transmission, Motor, etc.)?

There have undoubtedly not been sufficient failures to undoubtedly pin point a limit for the varied power-train components. The motor could fail at premise power levels if it was running dangerously lean. But when well tuned, the motors internals (Pistons, Rods, Crank, Head Gasket etc) are trustworthy to 700rwhp. But of course at these power levels, if the machine is not set-up and tuned properly, it is undoubtedly a bomb waiting to go off, any way this would be just as true with a built motor. Some owners have pushed their stock internals to the limit and have well exceeded 800rwhp, and even approached 900rwhp. I still don't understand how such an over built motor made it past the bean counters at Toyota Corporate.

The 6-speed Getrag is ridiculously strong for an Oe transmission. Its limit's will be affected greatly by driving technique, such as launching, and whether or not power shifting is used. Even driven hard, the Getrag should hold up reasonably well with 700Rwhp. If you treat it with some respect, it should be able to handle colse to 800Rwhp or more, although great care and respect will need to be practiced at those levels.

Differential, axle, Cv Joint, and drive shaft failures are a Very rare occurrence. So I don't have much info on their failure limits. On street tires, it would be almost impossible to break any of these components at Any power level. The tires would spin before they would put the driveline under that kind of strain. The tires act sort of like a circuit breaker. If you run drag slicks, this does not hold true of course, yet they have proven themselves to be 10 and even 9 second capable.

Will drivability, interior noise levels, and low-end power be adversely affected with the Bpu(Tm) mods?

Drivability is not adversely affected. Interior noise level depends on the exhaust principles you choose. Some will make it far louder; some will undoubtedly make it quieter. But most are just a diminutive bit louder than stock. But the added dBs are also combined with a Much sweeter exhaust note, so it's by all means; of course worth it. And the interior of the Supra is pretty quiet anyway, so on the highway, it will be Very livable. As far as low-end power goes, the down-pipe will greatly decrease Turbo Lag. So low-end power and response is much improved over stock.

Will emissions be adversely affected by the Bpu(Tm) mods?

As long as a high-flow cat is used, emissions should not be effected, and you should still pass optical inspection. If you run without catalytic converters, you are doing so at your own risk, and you would not pass optical or emissions testing.

Will fuel mileage be adversely affected by the Bpu(Tm) mods?

If driven calmly, as in light throttle, mileage should not be significantly affected. Mileage will greatly decrease while however, if you drive "vigorously", more power equals more burned fuel I am afraid.

Should I install an "Intake" (Open Element Filter)?

This is a bit of a yes and no answer. The stock filter assembly is a flow restriction, and an open element intake would growth possible flow. However, it will also draw in more heated machine compartment air, which can hurt performance. My guidance is to whether modify the stock filter box, or install a cool air induction box, like the Max Air. An added bonus of the open element filters, is that they allow you to undoubtedly hear the former turbo and by-pass valve.

What about the stock intercooler?

The stock intercooler does a decent job up till about 17psi on the stock turbos, after that you would probably notice a needful gain, especially in warmer temperatures, with a nice front mount intercooler. However, keep in mind it will block some of the airflow to the radiator, as well as decreasing response slightly.

Should I replace the premise rubber Intercooler hoses with aftermarket metal hoses?

It wouldn't hurt. But it won't help a lot either. At the most you may slightly growth throttle response, but at least it will look nicer.

What about the fuel system, are the stock injectors and fuel pump large sufficient for Bpu(Tm)?

Yes, the stock fuel principles is very safe and trustworthy to 450Rwhp, although I would recommend a fuel pulsation damper bypass. anything over that, and I would highly recommend having the car dyno'd, and using a wide-band O2 sensor (not a cheap A/F gauge linked to the stock O2) to check the fuel ratio at your high boost setting. 11.5:1 would be a safe fuel ratio.

What are the stock injectors rated at?

540cc/min

Would the Supra advantage from a fuel controller?

Bpu(Tm)'d Supras run a diminutive on the rich side as far as fuel ratios go. This hurts power. What it does do is furnish a protection margin that makes machine damage through detonation unlikely. If you get a fuel controller, and tune it properly (on a dyno, with an spoton Egt gauge, and a high band O2 (The Stock O2 sensors are not accurate), then you should be able to gain a noticeable estimate of power. One of the most beloved electronic fuel controllers is the A'Pexi S-Afc. The Fields Sfc is good too.

What should I use to growth my boost level, an Electronic Boost Controller, or a manual Bc?

Using an Ebc is the safest way to raise boost, it will forestall spiking and over-boosting. But it undoubtedly comes down to your budget. If you can afford an Ebc, get one. If you can't, go with a Mbc. And all the time keep an eye on that boost gauge. And anything you are using to control boost, remember to not get carried away, I don't recommend going commonly over 18psi.

What is the best Electronic Boost Controller?

There undoubtedly is no Best. Although the A'Pexi Avc-R is a nice unit, it provides much more control over boost than other Ebcs, but it is also more involved to install, and tune. The new Blitz unit is also nice. Most of the large manufacturers make decent units. Just avoid fuzzy-logic qualified models if you still have the sequential stock turbos, they will come to be "confused" by the unnatural behavior of the sequential system.

When installing my Ebc, do I join together it to both of the Turbo's Wastegates?

The former Turbo is the only one with a wastegate. When in full twin turbo mode, the boost of both Turbos is regulated by the former turbo's wastegate. So, only join together it to the Primary's.

Some people say I need to replace my Ecu with a reprogrammed one, instead of just using a boost controller. Do I?

Reprogrammed Ecus for the Supra Tt are Very $$$. They are in the 00 range. And they have not been proven to furnish a needful growth in execution or protection on Bpu(Tm) level cars. Their merit shows itself on cars with upgraded Turbo(s). Just be sure you buy your Ecu, or have it reprogrammed by a reputable shop that knows what they are doing. And have it tailored to your particular car (Driving habits, and Mods). And I would also recommend taking a look at the Aem Programmable system.

What is a safe boost level to run at Bpu(Tm)?

The general consensus is 17-18psi. Some people have taken it higher, but I don't recommend it if you don't have the money for a turbo replacement/upgrade.

Which Down-Pipe is recommended?

The Rmm (or Rod Millen Motorsports) Cat-less Downpipe is the most generally used. any way many other brands exist. Some down-pipes, such as the Random Technology Dp, highlight an emissions legal high-flow catalytic converter.

Will a high-flow cat hurt performance?

It will have some consequent on power output, but not a lot. Its exact consequent on Hp is not clear, but it probably costs a few hp at the most, maybe 5-15hp at Bpu(Tm) power levels.

What is a Down-Pipe?

It is the section of the exhaust principles that connects the outlet of the Turbocharger's Turbine section to the "Cat-Back" exhaust system. The Downpipe is also where the two catalytic converters are located, as well as the O2 sensor (or sensors in Obd-Ii cars).

I have an Obd2 car. Can I still install a Down-Pipe?

Yes. But unless the Dp has a Catalyst and a second location for an O2 sensor, you will trip your check machine light, unless you get one of those O2 "black boxes".

Which Exhausts are the loudest?

The Tanabe Racing Medallion, and Hks Hiper Titanium seem to be the two loudest systems.

Which Exhausts are the quietest?

The Tanabe Hyper Medallion, the discontinued Tanabe G-Power Medallion and the Greddy (Sp) street execution seem to be the quietest. At anything less than full throttle, they are no louder than stock. But at full throttle they seem to "wake up" a bit.

What are some recommended exhaust systems?

It depends on your personal preferences. Below I will break down some of my recommendations based on obvious combinations of preferences.

Subtle Styling / Very Low Cost:

-Random Technology (75mm, full stainless steel)

Subtle Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-Greddy street execution (80mm)

-Tanabe Super Hyper Medallion (80mm, full stainless steel, 50-state legal)

Subtle Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-Atr (75mm, full stainless steel)

Tasteful Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:

-Hks Dragger Ii (85mm)

Tasteful Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-Greddy Power ultimate (80-94mm)

-Hks Super Dragger (95mm)

Tasteful Appearance / Moderate Sound Level / High Cost / Super Light:

-Veilside Tear Drop Titanium (90mm, full titanium)

Tasteful-Wild Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-Trd 2nd gen.

Wild Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:

-A'Pexi N1

-Hks Hiper (75mm)

Wild Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-A'Pexi Gt Spec (95mm, full stainless steel)

-Blitz Nur Spec (80mm, full stainless steel)

-Hks Hiper Carbon/Titanium (75mm, Cf wrapped muffler, titanium tip)

Wild Styling / High Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-Tanabe Racing Medallion (80mm, 50 state legal)

Wild Styling / High Sound Level / High Cost / High Flow:

-Hks Hiper Titanium (104mm, titanium muffler)

What is the cheapest route to replacing the Dp and Cat-Back?

Have a institution execution exhaust shop compose a perfect 3" exhaust principles (Turbo-to-Tip). It should cost well less that 0. And then you can use the muffler and exhaust tip of your choice.

Which Fuel Cut Eliminator is recommended?

The Greddy Bcc (Boost Cut Controller) is highly recommended.

What does the Fuel Cut Eliminator do?

The premise Ecu is programmed to initiate a fuel cut if the multiple pressure exceeds 14-15psi. It does this as a protection part to forestall what the Ecu sees as over boosting. The Fuel Cut Eliminator effectively eliminates, or at least raises the cut to a higher pressure. A reprogrammed Ecu can also eliminate this function.

Which boost gauge is recommended?

Any high capability boost gauge will work well. Accuracy is the prominent highlight to look for. Autometer gauges are a good value. The Japanese gauges, A'Pexi, Greddy, Hks, etc., have more features, but at a much higher price.

Where can the boost gauge be installed in the interior?

If you want to mount it in the dash, the two most beloved places are the Clock location (which holds a 52mm gauge), and the Air Vent beside it (which holds a 60mm gauge). You can also use an A-Pillar gauge pod.

What is the stock boost pressure?

11-12psi

Are Cam Gears a good modification for the Supra Tt?

Yes, they have been shown to furnish a 5-15rwhp gain on a Bpu(Tm)'d car. But to citation their potential, you must have them tuned, by a knowledgeable tuner, on a dyno. And most of the power gains will be seen on the exhaust side. I also recommend buying cam gears which highlight 5-bolts.

Are Under Drive Pulley(s) a good modification for the Supra Tt?

Most of the crank-shaft under-drive pulleys need the extraction of the premise torsional damper.

This is from Mkiv.com :"this is Not an external (harmonic) balancer, as the crankshaft is fully balanced, rather it dampens both the axial twisting couples produced by the firing pulses, and the radial bending occasion from the accessory drive belt."

Basically this device provides crutial isolation between the machine driven accessories, and the crankshaft. However, extraction of this can furnish a 10-15rwhp gain, but at a cost for long term use.

Do I need to upgrade the ignition when upgrading to Bpu(Tm)?

The stock ignition principles is Very capable of supplying sufficient fire for a Bpu(Tm)'d car. The stock ignition principles uses 6 large coils, one for each cylinder. So the principles is capable of supporting Very impressive Hp levels. You may need to change to a colder range plug with a tighter gap (see below).

What about the spark plugs, which are recommended at Bpu(Tm) or higher level?

Basically you want similar plugs as stock, but a cooler heat range and a smaller gap. The stock plugs are Ngk Bkr6Ep-11 (2978) and are platinum tipped and have a .044 (1.1mm) gap. The ideal Ngk transfer for a modified Supra would be the Bkr7E (6097). It is one range cooler (the '7'), is non-platinum tipped (the lack of the 'p') and has a smaller .0315 gap (lack of the '-11'). This plug is also called the Ngk 6097 and they are fairly inexpensive. Platinum tipped plugs are not desired for high power applications, Iridium plugs are more preferred. Unfortunately their doesn't seem to be a Bkr8E which might be better for high-Hp Supras.

Another good plug to try is the Denso Iridium Ik22 or Ik24. These plugs may last longer than the above mentioned Ngks, but are also 6 times as expensive. The stock transfer plug would be the Ik20, the Ik22 is one step cooler, and the Ik24 is two steps cooler than stock. The Ik22 would be good for ~400rwhp to ~600rwhp. The Ik24 would probably be a good option above that. Two other plugs generally used are the Ngk 3330 (Bcpr7Es) which differ much more from the specifications of the stock plugs than Ngk 6097. Also the Rapid Fire #5 used to be very popular, but are more expensive, don't last as long, and have fallin out of favor. Both of those plugs have been known to cause diminutive stumbling at idle. Plugs on Supras do not live long, commonly colse to 5,000-10,000 miles. So I recommend replacing them with every other oil change.

What is the Hks Vpc and Gcc?

It is an electronic device, which electronically and physically removes the highly restrictive mass airflow sensor from the intake tract. Vpc stands for Vein Pressure Converter. The Hks Gcc is a device that allows additional fine-tuning of the Vpc.

Do I need an after-market Blow off Valve?

It is not undoubtedly required, but it is a good idea. The premise by-pass valve is prone to failure, and an aftermarket Bov is probably a wise investment for preventing turbo damaging compressor surge. And it sounds cool too. However, it must be noted that if you still have the premise mass-air flow sensor, a blow-off valve, which is vented to the atmosphere, may cause stumbling between shifts.

Can I run Nitrous Oxide on the Supra Tt, even if I am already at Bpu(Tm) power levels?

Yes. Most people run 50-75 shot wet multiple systems. If you want to run a higher shot than this, you might want to consider a well-designed direct port system. I have seen as much as a 200-shot used on one of these systems, and an upgraded fuel principles would be a must.

450hp just isn't enough, what can I do?

Ah the possibilities Basically you are only diminutive by your imagination, and your wallet. You know what they say, speed costs money, how fast do you want to go?

The real power lies in particular and Twin turbo upgrades, and the options are limitless. You can whether build a mild motor that puts out 450 Rwhp all day long with instant boost response, or a 1000+ Rwhp monster.

Unfortunately, things start getting more difficult after easy Bpu(Tm) modifications. Modification becomes more than "bolt on Downpipe, gain 50hp". Things like tuning, parts selection, and matching combinations of parts come to be much more important. However, this is the case with Any high Hp car. Actually, even at exceptionally high power levels, the Supra Tt is still easier to citation power from than almost any other execution car. But it should be kept in mind, that it wouldn't be as easy as the Bpu(Tm) bolt-ons.

If you just want something that will toast that pesky Viper Gts. Then focus on a mild particular turbo upgrade (T04S04, T60-1, Sp57-Sp61). Along with this, you should install a front mount intercooler, a fuel controller, fuel pulsation damper bypass and Egt gauge. This is assuming you have done all the Bpu(Tm) mods, plus Bov, Ebc, Cam Gears. With tuning, and a few odds and ends, you should be able to pull 450-500 Rwhp (490-580 crank Hp) numbers while on a stock fuel principles (assuming it is in great condition). This would be a total investment of almost ,700-,500 in engine/electronic components (also includes the permissible gauges). If you already have the Bpu(Tm) mods or Fmic, etc., you will spend less than this. The contrast in prices reflects the cost of higher end parts and increasing of a Hks Vpc to replace the restrictive stock Maf.

The next level would need a thoroughly upgraded fuel system, and execution cams would be recommended, as well as additional electronics (programmable machine management such as the Aem, or Vpc/Gcc/Ecu combo, etc.). This would allow you to run much larger turbos and injectors. You can make it past the 700Rwhp range without needing to replace the internals of the motor with stronger components, even at these power levels, if properly tuned and maintained you should keep a fair estimate of reliability while still on the stock internals, as some people have eclipsed the 800Rwhp level while still running stock bottom ends in their Supras. If you pick to go ahead and build up the bottom end, then the skies are the limit as far as power goes. Just make sure to have part selection, installation, and tuning done by competent and experienced persons. Although this should hold true at Any level of modification.

Should I install a Turbo Timer?

Absolutely. Unless you don't mind sitting in your car while it idles down every particular time you need to turn the car off. A Turbo timer keeps the machine running for a preset time once you turn off the ignition. So you can remove your keys, and lock up the car and not have to worry about it, it will shut off on it's own. This is prominent for the life of the turbos. If the turbos are not given time to cool down, it can overheat the oil and cause coking which will block oil flow to the turbos and damage bearings and cook seals.

How much is the Supra's power production affected by changes in ambient temperatures?

Very noticeably, just as with most turbo cars, the Supra Twin Turbo can be very temperature sensitive. Especially with the stock turbos and intercooler. On a Bpu(Tm) car, I would not be surprised to see a 10 percent allowance between 50-60deg temperatures, and 90deg plus temperatures

Will the stock clutch hold the power levels of a Bpu(Tm) car?

It depends on the condition and wear on the stock clutch. If it is in good condition, yes, it will hold the power, pretty well in fact, although you may touch clutch slip while at full boost in high gears such as 5th and 6th. If you drive vigorously, meaning you run at high boost frequently, then the life of the stocker will be Greatly shortened. Be surprised if you see an extra 10,000 miles after Bpu(Tm).

Can I resurface my flywheel when replacing the clutch?

It is not recommended. Buy a new Toyota Flywheel.

Can I install a lightweight flywheel?

Yes, but be aware that they can create a lot of noise at idle, and can send more vibrations and shock to the expensive Getrag transmission.

Why is pulling the Trac fuse useful over just turning it off with the switch on the center console?

Just pushing the "Trac Off" button only partially disables the Trac system. It disables the Trac throttle body and Trac function through the Abs principles (on 93.5-96 only), but not the Trac system's ignition timing slow down function. Unplugging the Trac fuse eliminates both functions, as well as the 155mph speed limiter, which works through the trac system. The fuse can be found in the main fuse box on the driver's side of the machine compartment. It must be noted that removing the fuse will cause the Trac light to stay on, but you'll get used to it.

Will the Trac principles heighten the cars performance?

No. The Trac principles was calibrated to heighten traction in slick conditions. It was not calibrated with execution in mind. When the Trac principles senses a loss of traction, it comes on hard, cutting power drastically; this will do nothing but hurt performance. I also would not rely on the Trac principles for providing stability at high speeds, if you were to loose control, it would be too slow and clumsy, and would more than likely hamper your efforts to derive control.

How can I remove the premise 155mph speed limiter?

Remove the fuse for the Trac system. The speed limiter works through the Trac throttle body.

What is the Supra Tt's top speed with the Trac fuse removed?

There is some moot on this subject. There are rumors that 180 can be achieved. But by going with the numbers, 168-172mph in stock form seems possible.

What is the Supra Tt's maximum theoretical top speed? Can it exceed 200mph with sufficient power?

Lets find out.

The Supra Tt with the 6-speed has a stock machine redline of 6800rpm, and a 6th gear ratio of .79:1, with a rear axle ratio of 3.13:1. Now we multiply our 6th gear ratio times our rear axle ratio, and we find out our final gear ratio is 2.472:1. Now we divide 6800rpm by our total gear allowance of 2.472:1 and we find out our rear axles, and therefore wheels are spinning at 2751rpm at 6800 machine rpms.

Now we need to suspect our tire circumference. The rear tires section width it 255mm, and the sidewall's aspect ratio is .40, so our sidewalls are 102mm. Now, to change this to inches, we divide this by 25.4, which equal's 4.015 inches. Now multiply this by two, since we have two sidewalls manufacture up the total diameter, and add the wheel diameter of 17", and we see a total diameter of 25.031 inches. Now to find out our circumference, we multiply that estimate times pi (3.14), and we find out the circumference is 78.59 inches, now divide that by 12 to change to feet. And we get 6.549 feet total circumference.

Now multiply our tire's revolving speed, by the tire's outside circumference, and we find that the tire is outside 18,016 feet per minute, divide that by the 5280 feet in a mile, and we find we are outside 3.412 miles per minute, now multiply that by the 60 minutes in an hour, and we find we are traveling 204.7miles per hour @ 6800rpm in 6th gear. If the engines redline is increased to 7500rpm, which it often is, because of a higher flowing turbo. Then our maximum speed would be 225.8mph, given sufficient power of course.

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A. Planning for security should be an integral part of any function or project undertaken within a company. The most efficient and cost-effective method of instituting security measures into any facility or operation is through advance planning and continuous monitoring throughout the project or program. Selecting, constructing, or modifying a facility without considering the security implications of employee safety and assets protection can result in costly modifications and lost time.

B. Physical security programs should be administered within each region, center, and field activity based on the policy and the guidance set forth in a detailed security plan, to ensure the protection of personnel, visitors and assets. These programs should be continually and effectively administered by the appropriate organizational security officer and monitored to ensure their integrity. At a minimum, a physical security program should include:

(1) A physical security survey of each facility occupied to determine the security level of the facility and to determine the minimum-security safeguards required for protecting personnel and assets;

(2) An initial physical security survey prior to constructing, leasing, acquiring, modifying, or occupying a facility or area to determine the minimum-security safeguards is required to protect personnel and assets. A follow-up physical security survey must be done before acceptance of the property or occupancy of the facilities to ensure the completion of required modifications and security upgrades;

(3) Periodic reassessments of facilities to ascertain whether a security program meets pertinent company and facility standards or regulations;

(4) A comprehensive and continuing awareness and education effort to gain the interest and support of employees, contractors, consultants, and visitors; and

(5) Procedures for taking immediate, positive, and orderly action to safeguard life and property during an emergency.

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended, and the Architectural Barriers Act of 1968, as amended, require agencies to ensure accessibility and safety for employees, applicants, and members of the public with disabilities who are in facilities. The company security plan must ensure that accessibility and safety issues regarding people with disabilities are addressed in all relevant aspects of the establishment of appropriate physical security measures to protect personnel, real and personal property, and information. A key element to the success of this will be ensuring that security and facility officials are familiar with the legal requirements to meet the needs of people with disabilities while also maintaining physical security.

2. Facility Protection.

A. The extent of facility protection is determined by the senior official or manager of the activity based on the results of a comprehensive physical security survey of the facility.

(1) Perimeter protection is the first line of defense in providing physical security for personnel, property, and information at a facility.

(2) The second line of defense is interior controls. The extent of interior controls will be determined by considering the monetary value and criticality of the items and areas to be protected, the vulnerability of the facility, and the cost of the controls necessary to reduce that vulnerability.

(3) The cost of security controls normally should not exceed the monetary value of the item or areas to be protected, unless necessitated by criticality or national security.

3. Planning Facility Protection.

A. The objective of planning facility protection is to ensure both the integrity of operations and the security of assets. Planning for security must be an integral part of selecting, constructing, reconfiguring, or moving into a new facility.

B. The modification of a facility or addition of security measures after occupying a facility can be costly and impractical. Therefore, the responsible security officer and the facility management personnel need to coordinate closely, from the outset, on any addition, alteration, or new construction. The coordination should begin with the designers and architects and continue through the contracting process and actual construction and installation.

C. Many company offices occupy space in commercial buildings where a building manager executes the lease on behalf of the tenants. In leased office space, physical security may not be as easily controlled or be controlled to the same extent as in a facility where the company owns the facility. The tenants must rely on building manager to provide protection for the building, and it is therefore imperative that the security officer of the activity establishes a working relationship with the appropriate building officials to maintain an active role in the security decisions and processes that will affect the facility.

4. Facility Protection in Owned or Leased Facilities.

For buildings or grounds owned or leased by a company to include leased space from other companies, the senior official having jurisdiction of the real property is responsible for determining the degree of protection to be provided the space. The level of protection shall be based on a physical security survey of each facility conducted by the Security Manager using the guidelines and requirements cited in the security plan to evaluate the security of that facility on a case-by-case basis considering the facility's location, size and configuration, number of occupants, mission, extent of exterior lighting, presence of physical barriers, and other factors as may be deemed pertinent.

5. Facility Protection in Space Assigned Facilities.

For building and grounds which has space assignment responsibility, the company is responsible for furnishing normal protection not less than the degree of protection provided by commercial building operators of similar space for normal risk occupants, as determined by a physical security survey. This protection may include guards, access control, intrusion detection (alarms), closed circuit television surveillance (CCTV), inspection of packages, etc., when the survey determines the control is warranted for general occupancy and not necessitated by special activities or specific agencies. Special protection required due to the nature of the business conducted within the space or unusual public reaction to an agency's program and missions, whether or not of a continuing nature, is determined jointly by the security provider and the occupant agency or agencies and is provided on a reimbursable basis.

A. Protection Criteria. The security consultant determines the level of normal protective service on a case-by-case basis and normally considers the facility's location, size and configuration, the occupant agency's mission, history of criminal or disruptive incidents in the surrounding neighborhood, extent of exterior lighting, presence of physical barriers, and other factors as may be deemed pertinent.

B. Physical Protection. The security plan should provide normal and special protection through mobile patrol or fixed posts manned by uniformed personnel, security systems and devices, locking building entrances and gates during other than normal hours of occupancy, cooperation of local law enforcement agencies, or any combination thereof depending upon the facility and the degree of risk involved. The degree of normal and special protection is determined by completion of a physical security survey and/or crime prevention assessment.

C. Crime prevention. The security contingent collects and disseminates information about criminal activity on or against property under its' charge and control, provides crime prevention information programs to occupant and agencies upon request, and conducts crime prevention assessments in cooperation with occupant agencies.

6. Facility Protection in Facilities with Delegations of Authority.

In facilities where the company has delegated protection authority to the agency or prime tenant, some of the protection responsibilities are transferred to the agency, including procurement, installation, maintenance of physical security equipment and systems, and procurement and management of any guard contracts. Normally, the company will retain responsibility for physical security surveys, mobile patrols, monitoring of alarms, response to incidents, and requests for criminal investigations.

7. Design Factors.

It is imperative that security systems and procedures are considered from the design phase on, so that conduit runs and alarm wiring, heavy-duty materials, reinforcing devices and other necessary construction requirements are provided in the original plans.

A. Facility and Building Location.

(1) Determine the minimum-security safeguards as delineated by the Facility Security Standards, and incorporate them in your facility planning. Start by determining the security level of the facility, whether it is open to the public and the time it will take for enforcement response to incidents.

(2) Check geographical factors carefully. Avoid locating facilities near high crime, high traffic, or industrial areas. Take into account approach routes, traffic patterns, and nearby transportation.

(3) At a facility site, the number of separate buildings should be kept to a minimum, and they should be grouped close together.

B. Configuration of Space.

(1) Entrances. Facility or office entrances should be kept to a minimum commensurate with fire safety, to control access or prevent crime. Although convenience of employee access, parking, and deliveries must be considered, one entrance with multiple interior routes is preferable to several outside entrances. Entrances should be planned with guard posts and access control systems and procedures in mind. Reception desks, barriers, and other controls should be planned from the start. Accessibility of entrances for individuals with disabilities must also be considered and planned from the start.

(2) Access Controls. Plan for locking devices or controls at perimeter and interior doors. Provide for effective key control. Plan for protective, cleaning, and maintenance forces, and determine hours, locations, and levels of access for such personnel.

(3) Location of Offices and Facilities. Locate offices or other facilities in close proximity and on the same or successive floors. Try to locate sensitive operations such as credit unions or imp rest funds on upper or lower floors and away from entrances.

C. Safety and Fire Protection. Safety and fire protection requirements must be incorporated in any construction plans. With proper coordination, safety requirements can be achieved. Contact the Local Fire Marshal regarding National Fire Prevention Administration (NFPA) and local code requirements and construction standards.

D. Utilities. Utility systems should be protected against unauthorized access. Plan for protection of telephone and electrical closets and conduit runs, heating and cooling systems, water supplies, and boilers and generators.

E. Special Activities. Special emphasis should be placed on security systems and safeguards when constructing or modifying special or sensitive activities such as imp rest funds, computer facilities, equipment storage or shipping and receiving areas, classified work areas and mailrooms, and special-use areas such as warehouses or hazardous material storage areas.

F. Contingency Plans. A contingency plan must be developed for each delegated facility to protect personnel and property in the event of emergencies such as fire; bomb threats; civil disturbances; natural disasters; and chemical, biological, or radiological events. The Designated Official is responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining an Occupant Emergency Plan.

8. Surveys and Inspections.

A physical security survey is an in-depth analysis to determine the extent of security measures, which will be needed for protecting personnel, property, and information. An inspection is a check or test against a certain set of standards or regulations to ascertain whether a security program or facility meets those standards or regulations. It is used to evaluate the implementation of regulations, the security awareness of employees, security administration, and existing internal management controls. The security officer to carry out his/her oversight responsibilities should use it as a tool.

A. Surveys.

(1) Purpose. The senior facility manager to determine the type and extent of security controls for the facility or areas will use the survey. Each type of physical security survey will include the determination of the security level and a security evaluation (threat assessment), which addresses the criticality of operations, the vulnerability of the facility or area, and the probability of compromise of the personnel or property contained therein. Facility Security Standards provides the criteria for determining what security level a facility is of the possible four (4) security levels. The security standards also provide a chart delineating the recommended minimum-security standards applicable to each of the four security levels addressing facility criticality, vulnerabilities, and risk of security penetrations. In those cases where the contractor does not provide a physical security survey, the security consultant and a facility manager should conduct a survey of the facility.

(2) Recommendations. The security consultant should work with the facility manager in developing a security plan for resolving any recommendations resulting from the surveys and inspections.

(3) Criticality, Vulnerability, and Probability/Risk. No survey is considered complete until all three of the factors below have been given full consideration and weight.

(a) Criticality. Criticality is the effect that partial or total loss of the facility or area would have on the facility's mission. The adversity of the effect is directly related to the criticality factor.

Examples of adverse effects include the interruption of a vital function, disruption of the continuity of operations, or the compromise of security information. A higher classification level of information handled or stored in a facility or area will increase the criticality.

(b) Vulnerability. Vulnerability of the facility or area is the susceptibility of a facility or area to damage or destruction or the possible theft or loss of property. Factors used to determine vulnerability include the size, configuration, and location of the facility or area, the local crime rate, and the proximity of law enforcement, and emergency response services.

(c) Probability/Risk. Probability deals with an assessment of the chances or risk that certain events could or might occur, such as a penetration of the perimeter, compromise of a system, or the occurrence of a variety of unauthorized activities.

(4) Type of Surveys.

(a) Initial Survey. The initial physical security survey is conducted prior to constructing, leasing, acquiring, modifying, or occupying a facility or area. It describes any modification required to raise the level of security commensurate with the levels of criticality and vulnerability. At a minimum, the initial survey must address the minimum-security requirements delineated in the Facilities Security Standards.

(b) Follow-up Survey. When recommendations are made in the initial physical security survey, a follow-up survey is conducted to ensure the completion of modifications. This survey should be conducted before acceptance of the property or occupancy.

(c) Supplemental Survey. The supplemental survey is conducted when changes in the organization, mission, facility, or the threat level of the facility alter or affect the security posture of the facility or area. This survey is conducted at the discretion of either the facility manager or the security manager. The Security Manager may require that facilities undergo a supplemental survey when there is a change of the overall threat level to all Survey facilities, such as the terrorist acts of September 11, 2001.

(d) Special Survey. The special survey is conducted to examine or resolve a specific issue, such as when there is a request for a Sensitive Compartmented Information (SCI) accredited facility or there is a need to investigate or assess damage resulting from an incident.

(5) Conducting Surveys.

Normally for owned, leased, and delegated facilities, the company will conduct surveys, and it will not be necessary for the security officer of the facility to conduct a physical security survey. For owned and leased facilities to include leased space from other companies, the manager of the facility must conduct the physical security survey. When necessary, the consultant actually conducting a survey should start by obtaining a layout of the facility, which depicts areas within the facility, access points, parking lots, warehouses, and any adjacent areas belonging to the facility. The consultant should interview program management officials to determine the mission and nature of operations, classification or sensitivity level of information, and value of assets. The consultant should also obtain the following:

(a) The facility's address, number of buildings and square footage, tenant organizations, approximates population, and names of key management officials;

(b) A description of features of the facility and conditions that produce vulnerabilities. Document the physical configuration of the office or facility for classified information storage areas;

(c) The law enforcement agency, fire department, and other organizations responsible for emergency response. Include the security force company or agency, and its response time;

(d) Type of construction of buildings at the facility;

(e) The determined value of monies or sensitive or unique equipment, the highest classification level of information, or the number and types of weapons;

(f) Description of access controls, alarms, guard services, and security containers; and

(g) Recommendations for improving security and pertinent implementing instructions, which include the required minimum-security standards as delineated by the Facility Security Standards.

(6) Survey Report. Survey reports are provided to the Designated Official. A written survey report should be generated that is thorough and precise. It should contain supporting exhibits such as floor plans and specifications. The survey report should be submitted to the facility or office manager for review, and the consultant should maintain a copy.

B. Inspections.

(1) Purpose. Inspections, which may be announced or unannounced, are usually conducted to determine the extent of compliance with security regulations or procedures, including those recommended during surveys. The security officer shall inspect facilities and programs under the security officer's cognizance as often as necessary to ensure compliance with the provisions of the applicable Standard Operations Procedure. The inspections should result in written inspection reports.

(2) Checklists.

(a) The Physical Security Program Checklist, (PSPC) can be used by a security officer to inspect the physical security of a facility.

(b) The PSPC requires the Security Officer to conduct a self-inspection program for the evaluation of all security procedures applicable to their operation for the protection of information. In order to assist the self-inspector in assessing the security posture of his/her facility, a Security Inspection Check List should be contained as Appendix B to the Security Post Orders.

(3) Recommendations. The security officer should assist the facility or office manager in resolving any discrepancies or implementing any recommendations.

(4) Types of Inspections.

(a) Evaluation. The evaluative or fact-finding inspection is generally positive in tone and promotes liaison and security awareness while taking a broad, general look at a facility or program. Deficiencies, which may be resolved either on the spot or within a non-specified time frame, may be noted and recommendations for further corrective actions may be made. The evaluative inspection can also help management officials in planning or upgrading their security programs.

(b) Compliance. The full compliance inspection generally is conducted for enforcement purposes. It focuses on compliance with established standards or regulations.

(c) Follow-up. Another form of compliance inspection is the follow-up inspection, conducted to ensure that facility officials have complied with recommendations from earlier inspections.

(d) After-hours Room Check. The after-hours room check is a form of compliance inspection. It monitors compliance with security regulations, especially involving areas where sensitive security information is processed or stored.

(e) Self-inspection. The security officer or facility manager to evaluate his/her own security program initiates the self-inspection. Additionally, self-inspections are required by each Security Officer to evaluate all security procedures applicable to their operation using the self-inspection checklist contained in Appendix B of the Post Orders. The initiator determines the scope and purpose of the self-inspection for an office, building, or other facility.

(f) Closeout. A closeout self-inspection is accomplished immediately prior to the action to administratively terminate a Sensitive Compartmented Information Facility (SCIF). During closeout inspections, all areas and containers authorized for the storage of classified material are checked to ensure all classified material has been removed.

(5) Frequency of Inspections. The frequency of inspections will be based on the criticality and vulnerability of the facility or the level of classification or value of information handled or stored at a facility. Following are the established standards:

(a) Each Document Custodian, and Security Officer is required to conduct an annual self-inspection program utilizing the Security Inspection Check List in Appendix B of the Post Orders.

(b) The Facility Manager coordinates a schedule of periodic inspections of compliance with the Security Manager. A review of the completed annual self-inspection checklist serves as the basis for these inspections. The Security Manager coordinates a schedule of periodic inspections of the Security Officers and the security program.

(c) In conjunction with periodic field assistance visits, the Security Manager conducts inspections of the facilities and the accountability and control of company and departmental identification cards, badges, and smart cards.

(6) Conducting Inspections.

(a) Plan an inspection by determining the scope, type, and method. Schedule the inspection, and if appropriate, provide written notice. The notice should provide the date(s), purpose, proposed interview schedule, and request for any information needed by the security officer. Review past inspection reports and prepare a list of questions or a checklist to structure the inspection.

(b) Upon arrival at the site and prior to departure, the inspector should meet with the senior manager to discuss the inspection. Collect a sufficient sampling of data from interviews with on-site employees and contractors and from touring the facility. Obtain information to support findings in the inspection report. Report favorable findings as well as deficiencies. Check awareness and adherence to local security procedures. Document any discrepancies corrected on the spot.

(c) After sufficient data is collected, the inspector should analyze all findings, compare them with applicable security regulations, list discrepancies and cite regulatory references, recommend corrective action, and write the inspection report.

(d) The inspection report should be produced within 10 working days of completion of the inspection. The report should be distributed to the office, facility, or regional manager in a timely manner and require a response to any recommendations. Copies of final inspection reports shall be provided to the Security Management Office.

9. Awareness and Education.

A security program is most effective when employees practice security daily. That sort of interest and support can be gained through an effective security awareness and education program that encompasses all aspects of security. The security manager is responsible for carrying out and administering a comprehensive, on-going security awareness and education program for all employees in his/her respective activity.

A. Awareness and Educations Plans. The security manager must plan an effective program of instruction and efficient use of training material provided for specific training purposes. The security manager may also tailor presentations to the organization and solicit other security professionals to speak on their areas of responsibility, training, and experience. For example, a local police representative could address crime prevention and will provide on-site crime-prevention seminars.

B. Briefings.

(1) Initial Orientation Briefings.

(a) Simply providing printed security regulations is not an effective way to promote complete understanding of security responsibilities. A verbal orientation briefing, supplemented with audio-visuals and handouts, is more effective. Where possible, it should be presented personally. Where this is not practical, it may be presented in the form of videotape or other recording.

(b) The initial orientation, whether written or verbal, should address general physical security principles, including common security hazards, building security and crime prevention, key system or site-specific access controls, vehicle control, and property accountability or package inspection programs. It should also address implementation of regulations relating to the handling and safeguarding of security information, including reporting requirements and nondisclosure provisions.

(c) Crime Prevention. A well-rounded security awareness and education program includes information on crime prevention. Encourage employees to minimize opportunities for crime by knowing the signs of unauthorized activity; practicing good office security; and reporting unauthorized activity, security deficiencies, violations, and safety hazards.

10. Incident Reporting.

An incident reporting program is an essential element in any security program. The timely reporting of thefts, losses, or damage of property and the tampering or unauthorized disclosure of information is important. A timely report increases the possibility of recovering the property, minimizing damage, and apprehending the perpetuator. Any employee who discovers, witnesses, or has knowledge of a criminal, dangerous, or unauthorized practice or condition, or a violation of security regulations shall immediately report the matter to the appropriate authorities.

A. Reporting Serious Incidents, Unusual Events, and Emergencies. The senior official at a facility is responsible for reporting serious incidents, unusual events, or emergency conditions that affect the operations to his/her Director for their appropriate action.

(1) Security Management Office. The Regional Director or his/her designee must report the following information to the USGS Security Management Office for further reporting to the DOI Watch Office:

(a) Homeland Security and Facility Infrastructure Protection.

o Threats, attempted sabotage or terrorist activity directed against facilities.

o Threats, attempted sabotage or terrorist activity directed against mineral, oil, natural gas or electrical grid on lands.

o Information regarding threatened or actual demonstrations that may impact upon mission-essential facilities, critical infrastructure, or national monuments.

o Threats or damage from natural disasters or technological emergencies impacting mission-essential facilities or critical infrastructure.

(b) Other.

o Incidents resulting in property damage exceeding ,000.

o Incidents with potential to result in media interest.

o Serious incidents involving employees on official duty, including incidents attracting media or diplomatic attention.

o Other incidents that warrant attention by the Office of the Secretary.

(2) Emergency Coordinator. The Security Director or his/her designee must report the following information:

(a) Deaths, Injuries, and Accidents.

o Fatalities on company properties, excluding natural causes.

o Employee fatalities, while on duty.

o Life-threatening injury to employee, while in performance of their duties.

o Serious injury to multiple employees or visitors.

(b) Disaster and Emergency Incidents Response.

o Natural disasters affecting lands or facilities that cause injury, significant damage, impact visitor use, or degrade the ability to provide vital services.

o Serious incidents such as major structural fires, structural failures, or other emergency events affecting facilities that cause injury, significant damage, impact visitor use, or degrade the ability to provide vital services.

o Warnings of natural disasters or other serious emergencies that threaten facilities or infrastructure, and preparedness measures taken in response to such threats.

o Information on events monitored by Departmental of Homeland Security or the Watch Office that may impact on adjacent areas.

o Emergency preparedness and response activities involving bomb and other threats.

o Warnings, alerts or advisories related to emergency conditions issued to the public by various government bureaus and offices, including dam failures, flood, earthquake and volcanoes.

o Major search and rescue activities involving large numbers of personnel or coordination of interagency resources.

(c) Fires.

o Take the actions necessary to mitigate the potential damages caused by fire (i.e., notifying the fire department, directing the responding units to the site of the fire, assisting in maintaining control of the perimeter).

o Security officers shall alert the Watch Office to major incidents, which cause injury, significant damage, or impact visitor use.)

B. Reporting Incidents to Law Enforcement Agencies.

(1) Security procedures require that cases of theft, unauthorized use, or vandalism of company property be reported to the Security Manager. He/She will decide whether to report the incident to local or State law enforcement authority where appropriate. Additionally, all thefts and vandalism of property must be recorded in the appropriate security logs. In cases where the value of the property stolen or missing is valued at less than 0, the report will be placed in the administrative files for analysis but normally no investigation will be conducted, except as directed by the security manager.

(2) Standard Operations Procedures (SOP) requires the prompt reporting of all crimes and suspicious circumstances occurring on controlled property to the Security Manager. An Offense/Incident Report is the standard reporting form. The security officer in reporting the incident must use this form. The form requests information such as date; time and location of incident; details regarding lost, stolen, or damaged items; nature of the incident; and any suspects involved. Supplies of the form can be obtained from the Security Manager or the Building Manager.

C. Administrative Reporting. The incident reporting requirements stated herein are not a substitute for nor do they eliminate the need for compliance with any additional reporting requirements prescribed or pertaining to motor vehicle incidents and to the loss, damage, and mishandling of company property.

11. Emergency Planning and Evacuation.

A. Occupant Emergency Plan (OEP). In accordance with "Occupant Emergency Program," immediate, positive, and orderly action must be taken to safeguard life and property in company facilities during emergencies. Examples of emergency situations are bomb threats; civil disorders; fires; explosions; chemical, biological, or radiological events; natural disasters; direct threat to a major computer facility; and immediate threat of compromise of classified information. These situations require the development of an emergency evacuation plan for each affected facility. Each security officer should cooperate with and assist the Designated Official or safety personnel responsible for developing the OEP.

(1) Emergency procedures are normally provided by the Building Manager with input from officials of the security detail.

(2) The senior facility manager shall coordinate the development of the OEP in consultation with the servicing safety officer and building management officials.

(a) Managed Space. In space owned or managed, offices and facilities will rely on issued guidance and protective measures to implement the Homeland Security Administration (HSAS) issued guidance and protective measures. Guidance issued by Security Manager will be the minimum measures to be taken at each Threat Condition. Principal managers may develop additional measures, as they deem appropriate. Principal managers are responsible for establishing a notification system to ensure that appropriate personnel are notified of changes in protective measures and of threat information affecting the office/facility. Additionally, the principal manager is also responsible for developing means of informing employees about their responsibilities under different threat levels and protective measures.

(b) The Security Manager will notify Security Officers who are responsible for notifying the principal building manager of the owned or leased facility. Principal managers are responsible for establishing a notification system to ensure that appropriate personnel are notified of changes in protective measures and of threat information affecting the office/facility. Additionally, the principal manager is also responsible for developing means of informing employees about their responsibilities under different threat levels and protective measures.

The Security Management System operates the following key functions and processes:
Safeguards and Security Training and Qualification, Protection Program Planning, and Self-Assessment Programs.

The Training and Qualification Programs, should include individual development plans for each staff member, to ensure that staff is qualified to perform assigned duties and responsibilities in support of the applicable program requirements. The individual development plans provide a means to ensure the continued growth and development of each staff member.

The activities of the Assessment Program must include conducting scheduled reviews of all topical areas using the Inspection Standards and Criteria, and for Safeguards and Security Orders and Standards and Criteria are utilized to ensure compliance with each of the program requirements. Performance objectives and indicators may be included as areas for assessment. Assessments also identify areas for potential process improvement to ensure the continual growth resulting in improved operations and processes.

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FAQ on Modifying the Toyota Supra

Quaker State Oil Change Locations - FAQ on Modifying the Toyota Supra.
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Do you know about - FAQ on Modifying the Toyota Supra

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What does BPU(TM) stand for? (BPU(TM) is a trademark of SupraStore.com)

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How is FAQ on Modifying the Toyota Supra

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Basic Performance Upgrades. These modifications are: A full length three inch down-pipe (with or with-out high flow cats), 3" (75mm) or bigger cat-back exhaust system, raised boost (18psi), and the required boost cut eliminator (GReddy BCC) needed to achieve that boost without activating the factory fuel cut-off at 14-15psi. These are the modifications that have proven to provide the best HP-to-$$$ ratio.

What does the + mean when someone says BPU(TM)+? And what is APU?

That stands for any additional power producing modifications other than the basic BPU(TM) modifications. One "+" refers to Adj. Cam Gears and under-drive pulleys, the second "+" refers to a Fuel controller, ECU upgrade, etc. For instance, a Supra with the BPU(TM) modifications, plus a front-mount intercooler, would be called BPU(TM)+. If you added cam gears to that, it would be BPU(TM)++, and so on. The "BPU(TM)" term is used until you have an upgraded turbo(s). Then it is referred to as APU, advanced performance upgrades. This designation pretty much covers every modification that can be performed.

What are the first engine modifications I should perform?

I recommend starting with raising the boost of the stock turbos to roughly 18psi. This will require a quality boost gauge and a boost cut eliminator (GReddy BCC). You will achieve 15 or so PSI with the stock Down Pipe in place. This will provide an addition of approximately 30rwhp. After those modifications are completed, it would be a logical next step to install the Down Pipe and Cat-Back Exhaust at the same time. You will now be at full BPU(TM).

What do all the various "Free Mods" do?

There are many different "free mods" for the Supra TT. I will cover just a few of them here. The ones I will cover fall into three categories, boost control, EGR disabling, and TTC or True Twin Conversion.

Three of the boost control mods are: Bleeder-T Mod, Clamp Mod, and the VSV Bypass Mod. Each of these modifications raise boost levels without the use of a boost controller. But you have to keep a close eye on your boost gauge, and make sure they are not allowing the turbos to boost too high (18psi is a safe level).

The next mods, are the true twin conversion mods (or TTC). This modification disables the Sequential twin turbo operation, and causes the turbos to run constantly in parallel (both on at the same time). This is supposed to allow for slightly better mid-range power (before the secondary turbo would normally come online) and allows for a smoother power band, without the abrupt boost increase caused by the transition from primary to secondary operation. However, this does noticeably decrease low-end power, and increases exhaust noise levels, and therefore may not be desirable on the street. Two types of the TTC mod are, the traditional TTC mod which includes 2 methods, wiring the actuators, or installing a one way valve, and the Electronic TTC mod (ETTC).

The last mod I will discuss is the EGR mod. This disables the Exhaust Gas Recirculation system, which is meant for emissions, and therefore, this modification is for off-road use only. This mod is supposed to prevent the super heating of the number 5 and 6 cylinders, which may cause burnt valves.

How much power will my car make at BPU(TM)?

It varies from car-to-car, and the conditions as well as tuning. Most BPU(TM)-only Supra Twin Turbos, dyno between 370 and 410 horsepower at the rear wheels. This is usually achieved with moderate temperatures, a reset ECU (to erase anything bad the ECU may have learned), and often a little bit of high-octane un-leaded race fuel. On the street, power will be reduced, especially in poor weather, but at least 90 percent of the power should be retained.

What kind of 1/4 mile ETs and trap speeds should I run at BPU(TM)-only?

It varies WIDELY depending on driver skill. As well as track conditions, elevation above sea level, ambient temperatures, humidity, and pre-race preparation. But most fall between 12.3 to 12.9 ets with 112 to 119mph trap speeds on street tires. Times can drop well into the 11s with drag radials, a good driver, and good conditions, as well as proper pre-race preparation.

What is a BPU(TM)'d Supra TT's top speed?

Speeds in the mid-high 180mph range should be achievable. Once the speed-limiter is disabled, by pulling the "TRAC" fuse of course.

Will the life of my Engine and Drivetrain be adversely affected with the BPU(TM) mods?

Yes, but not by a significant amount. If the car is maintained properly, and the car is treated with some respect for the components, you should maintain much of the power train's life. Which considering the fact that the Supra is by far one of the most reliable and durable sports cars, it will last longer than most well maintained STOCK sports cars. The only Drivetrain components that will see a significantly shortened life will be the stock clutch. It will more than likely not last much longer than 8-10k miles once at BPU(TM). This especially holds true if the car is making repeated high speed runs using 5th and 6th gear at wide open throttle. If your stock clutch has high mileage on it, or is already starting to slip, you will need to plan on a new high-performance clutch. Also the stock turbos will be subject to a somewhat shortened life span (how short will depend on how you drive and maintain the car, as well as how much boost you will run)

What's the reliability of a 600hp Supra Turbo?

Chassis, electrical, and suspension components should see little effect on reliability on street driven Supras. The stock 2JZ-GTE engine should hold up pretty well to this power level. Just how long depends on maintenance, and how hard you drive it, and how often. But typically Supras can go for years at this power level. The transmission reliability will depend on whether it's an Automatic or Manual. A stock automatic will not hold this much power, a built transmission will be required, and it's reliability will depend on it's design and construction. The 6spd Manual should hold up just fine, as well as the rear differential and axles.

The only real reliability concerns at these low power levels would surround the actual modifications you perform. Excluding installation short-comings, the components utilized, even very high quality ones, may fall short of factory component reliability, as the built in compromises that exist in everything, would lean more towards the side of ultimate performance, than of ultimate reliability (Keep in mind we are talking about a Toyota here, whose reliabilty standards are exceptionally high) This may include fuel system components, turbo components, and especially electronic wizardry. Basically a set-up that is either VERY well conceived, or utilizes OE components as much as possible, without over burdening them, would posses *near* stock reliability. And tuning of the components, and component selection, and matching, would play a HUGE role in this.

What are the power limits of the various factory components (Differential, Transmission, Motor, etc.)?

There have really not been enough failures to really pin point a limit for the various power-train components. The motor could fail at factory power levels if it was running dangerously lean. But when well tuned, the motors internals (Pistons, Rods, Crank, Head Gasket etc) are reliable to 700rwhp. But of course at these power levels, if the engine is not set-up and tuned properly, it is literally a bomb waiting to go off, however this would be just as true with a built motor. Some owners have pushed their stock internals to the limit and have well exceeded 800rwhp, and even approached 900rwhp. I still don't understand how such an over built motor made it past the bean counters at Toyota Corporate.

The 6-speed Getrag is ridiculously strong for an OE transmission. Its limit's will be affected greatly by driving technique, such as launching, and whether or not power shifting is used. Even driven hard, the Getrag should hold up reasonably well with 700RWHP. If you treat it with some respect, it should be able to handle around 800RWHP or more, although great care and respect will need to be practiced at those levels.

Differential, axle, CV Joint, and drive shaft failures are a VERY rare occurrence. So I don't have much info on their failure limits. On street tires, it would be almost impossible to break any of these components at ANY power level. The tires would spin before they would put the driveline under that kind of strain. The tires act sort of like a circuit breaker. If you run drag slicks, this does not hold true of course, yet they have proven themselves to be 10 and even 9 second capable.

Will drivability, interior noise levels, and low-end power be adversely affected with the BPU(TM) mods?

Drivability is not adversely affected. Interior noise level depends on the exhaust system you choose. Some will make it far louder; some will actually make it quieter. But most are just a little bit louder than stock. But the added dBs are also combined with a MUCH sweeter exhaust note, so it's definitely worth it. And the interior of the Supra is pretty quiet anyway, so on the highway, it will be VERY livable. As far as low-end power goes, the down-pipe will greatly decrease Turbo Lag. So low-end power and response is much improved over stock.

Will emissions be adversely affected by the BPU(TM) mods?

As long as a high-flow cat is used, emissions should not be effected, and you should still pass visual inspection. If you run without catalytic converters, you are doing so at your own risk, and you would not pass visual or emissions testing.

Will fuel mileage be adversely affected by the BPU(TM) mods?

If driven calmly, as in light throttle, mileage should not be significantly affected. Mileage will greatly decrease during however, if you drive "vigorously", more power equals more burned fuel I am afraid.

Should I install an "Intake" (Open Element Filter)?

This is a bit of a yes and no answer. The stock filter assembly is a flow restriction, and an open element intake would increase potential flow. However, it will also draw in more heated engine compartment air, which can hurt performance. My advice is to either modify the stock filter box, or install a cool air induction box, like the Max Air. An added bonus of the open element filters, is that they allow you to easily hear the primary turbo and by-pass valve.

What about the stock intercooler?

The stock intercooler does a decent job up till about 17psi on the stock turbos, after that you would probably notice a significant gain, especially in warmer temperatures, with a nice front mount intercooler. However, keep in mind it will block some of the airflow to the radiator, as well as decreasing response slightly.

Should I replace the factory rubber Intercooler hoses with aftermarket metal hoses?

It wouldn't hurt. But it won't help a lot either. At the most you may slightly increase throttle response, but at least it will look nicer.

What about the fuel system, are the stock injectors and fuel pump large enough for BPU(TM)?

Yes, the stock fuel system is very safe and reliable to 450RWHP, although I would recommend a fuel pulsation damper bypass. Anything over that, and I would highly recommend having the car dyno'd, and using a wide-band O2 sensor (not a cheap A/F gauge connected to the stock O2) to check the fuel ratio at your high boost setting. 11.5:1 would be a safe fuel ratio.

What are the stock injectors rated at?

540cc/min

Would the Supra benefit from a fuel controller?

BPU(TM)'d Supras run a little on the rich side as far as fuel ratios go. This hurts power. What it does do is provide a safety margin that makes engine damage through detonation unlikely. If you get a fuel controller, and tune it properly (on a dyno, with an accurate EGT gauge, and a high band O2 (The Stock O2 sensors are not accurate), then you should be able to gain a noticeable amount of power. One of the most popular electronic fuel controllers is the A'PEXi S-AFC. The Fields SFC is good too.

What should I use to increase my boost level, an Electronic Boost Controller, or a Manual BC?

Using an EBC is the safest way to raise boost, it will prevent spiking and over-boosting. But it really comes down to your budget. If you can afford an EBC, get one. If you can't, go with a MBC. And always keep an eye on that boost gauge. And whatever you are using to control boost, remember to not get carried away, I don't recommend going regularly over 18psi.

What is the best Electronic Boost Controller?

There really is no BEST. Although the A'PEXi AVC-R is a nice unit, it provides much more control over boost than other EBCs, but it is also more complex to install, and tune. The new Blitz unit is also nice. Most of the large manufacturers make decent units. Just avoid fuzzy-logic equipped models if you still have the sequential stock turbos, they will become "confused" by the unnatural behavior of the sequential system.

When installing my EBC, do I connect it to both of the Turbo's Wastegates?

The Primary Turbo is the only one with a wastegate. When in full twin turbo mode, the boost of both Turbos is regulated by the primary turbo's wastegate. So, only connect it to the Primary's.

Some people say I need to replace my ECU with a reprogrammed one, instead of just using a boost controller. Do I?

Reprogrammed ECUs for the Supra TT are VERY $$$. They are in the 00 range. And they have not been proven to provide a significant increase in performance or safety on BPU(TM) level cars. Their merit shows itself on cars with upgraded Turbo(s). Just be sure you buy your ECU, or have it reprogrammed by a reputable shop that knows what they are doing. And have it tailored to your particular car (Driving habits, and Mods). And I would also recommend taking a look at the AEM Programmable system.

What is a safe boost level to run at BPU(TM)?

The general consensus is 17-18psi. Some people have taken it higher, but I don't recommend it if you don't have the money for a turbo replacement/upgrade.

Which Down-Pipe is recommended?

The RMM (or Rod Millen Motorsports) Cat-less Downpipe is the most commonly used. However many other brands exist. Some down-pipes, such as the Random Technology DP, feature an emissions legal high-flow catalytic converter.

Will a high-flow cat hurt performance?

It will have some effect on power output, but not a lot. Its exact effect on HP is not clear, but it probably costs a few hp at the most, maybe 5-15hp at BPU(TM) power levels.

What is a Down-Pipe?

It is the section of the exhaust system that connects the outlet of the Turbocharger's Turbine section to the "Cat-Back" exhaust system. The Downpipe is also where the two catalytic converters are located, as well as the O2 sensor (or sensors in OBD-II cars).

I have an OBD2 car. Can I still install a Down-Pipe?

Yes. But unless the DP has a Catalyst and a second location for an O2 sensor, you will trip your check engine light, unless you get one of those O2 "black boxes".

Which Exhausts are the loudest?

The Tanabe Racing Medallion, and HKS Hiper Titanium seem to be the two loudest systems.

Which Exhausts are the quietest?

The Tanabe Hyper Medallion, the discontinued Tanabe G-Power Medallion and the GReddy (SP) Street Performance seem to be the quietest. At anything less than full throttle, they are no louder than stock. But at full throttle they seem to "wake up" a bit.

What are some recommended exhaust systems?

It depends on your personal preferences. Below I will break down some of my recommendations based on certain combinations of preferences.

Subtle Styling / Very Low Cost:

-Random Technology (75mm, full stainless steel)

Subtle Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-GReddy Street Performance (80mm)

-Tanabe Super Hyper Medallion (80mm, full stainless steel, 50-state legal)

Subtle Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-ATR (75mm, full stainless steel)

Tasteful Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:

-HKS Dragger II (85mm)

Tasteful Styling / Low-Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-GReddy Power Extreme (80-94mm)

-HKS Super Dragger (95mm)

Tasteful Appearance / Moderate Sound Level / High Cost / Super Light:

-Veilside Tear Drop Titanium (90mm, full titanium)

Tasteful-Wild Styling / Low Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-TRD 2nd gen.

Wild Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Low Cost:

-A'PEXi N1

-HKS Hiper (75mm)

Wild Styling / Moderate Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-A'PEXi GT Spec (95mm, full stainless steel)

-Blitz NUR Spec (80mm, full stainless steel)

-HKS Hiper Carbon/Titanium (75mm, CF wrapped muffler, titanium tip)

Wild Styling / High Sound Level / Moderate Cost:

-Tanabe Racing Medallion (80mm, 50 state legal)

Wild Styling / High Sound Level / High Cost / High Flow:

-HKS Hiper Titanium (104mm, titanium muffler)

What is the cheapest route to replacing the DP and Cat-Back?

Have a custom performance exhaust shop fabricate a complete 3" exhaust system (Turbo-to-Tip). It should cost well less that 0. And then you can use the muffler and exhaust tip of your choice.

Which Fuel Cut Eliminator is recommended?

The GReddy BCC (Boost Cut Controller) is highly recommended.

What does the Fuel Cut Eliminator do?

The factory ECU is programmed to activate a fuel cut if the manifold pressure exceeds 14-15psi. It does this as a safety measure to prevent what the ECU sees as over boosting. The Fuel Cut Eliminator effectively eliminates, or at least raises the cut to a higher pressure. A reprogrammed ECU can also eliminate this function.

Which boost gauge is recommended?

Any high quality boost gauge will work well. Accuracy is the important feature to look for. Autometer gauges are a good value. The Japanese gauges, A'PEXi, GReddy, HKS, etc., have more features, but at a much higher price.

Where can the boost gauge be installed in the interior?

If you want to mount it in the dash, the two most popular places are the Clock location (which holds a 52mm gauge), and the Air Vent beside it (which holds a 60mm gauge). You can also use an A-Pillar gauge pod.

What is the stock boost pressure?

11-12psi

Are Cam Gears a good modification for the Supra TT?

Yes, they have been shown to provide a 5-15rwhp gain on a BPU(TM)'d car. But to extract their potential, you must have them tuned, by a knowledgeable tuner, on a dyno. And most of the power gains will be seen on the exhaust side. I also recommend buying cam gears which feature 5-bolts.

Are Under Drive Pulley(s) a good modification for the Supra TT?

Most of the crank-shaft under-drive pulleys require the removal of the factory torsional damper.

This is from MKIV.com :"this is NOT an external (harmonic) balancer, as the crankshaft is fully balanced, rather it dampens both the axial twisting couples produced by the firing pulses, and the radial bending moment from the accessory drive belt."

Basically this device provides crutial isolation between the engine driven accessories, and the crankshaft. However, removal of this can provide a 10-15rwhp gain, but at a cost for long term use.

Do I need to upgrade the ignition when upgrading to BPU(TM)?

The stock ignition system is VERY capable of supplying enough fire for a BPU(TM)'d car. The stock ignition system uses 6 large coils, one for each cylinder. So the system is capable of supporting VERY impressive HP levels. You may need to change to a colder range plug with a tighter gap (see below).

What about the spark plugs, which are recommended at BPU(TM) or higher level?

Basically you want similar plugs as stock, but a cooler heat range and a smaller gap. The stock plugs are NGK BKR6EP-11 (2978) and are platinum tipped and have a .044 (1.1mm) gap. The ideal NGK replacement for a modified Supra would be the BKR7E (6097). It is one range cooler (the '7'), is non-platinum tipped (the lack of the 'p') and has a smaller .0315 gap (lack of the '-11'). This plug is also called the NGK 6097 and they are fairly inexpensive. Platinum tipped plugs are not desired for high power applications, Iridium plugs are more preferred. Unfortunately their doesn't seem to be a BKR8E which might be better for high-HP Supras.

Another good plug to try is the Denso Iridium IK22 or IK24. These plugs may last longer than the above mentioned NGKs, but are also 6 times as expensive. The stock replacement plug would be the IK20, the IK22 is one step cooler, and the IK24 is two steps cooler than stock. The IK22 would be good for ~400rwhp to ~600rwhp. The IK24 would probably be a good choice above that. Two other plugs commonly used are the NGK 3330 (BCPR7ES) which differ much more from the specifications of the stock plugs than NGK 6097. Also the Rapid Fire #5 used to be very popular, but are more expensive, don't last as long, and have fallin out of favor. Both of those plugs have been known to cause slight stumbling at idle. Plugs on Supras do not live long, usually around 5,000-10,000 miles. So I recommend replacing them with every other oil change.

What is the HKS VPC and GCC?

It is an electronic device, which electronically and physically removes the highly restrictive mass airflow sensor from the intake tract. VPC stands for Vein Pressure Converter. The HKS GCC is a device that allows further fine-tuning of the VPC.

Do I need an after-market Blow off Valve?

It is not absolutely required, but it is a good idea. The factory by-pass valve is prone to failure, and an aftermarket BOV is probably a wise investment for preventing turbo damaging compressor surge. And it sounds cool too. However, it must be noted that if you still have the factory mass-air flow sensor, a blow-off valve, which is vented to the atmosphere, may cause stumbling between shifts.

Can I run Nitrous Oxide on the Supra TT, even if I am already at BPU(TM) power levels?

Yes. Most people run 50-75 shot wet manifold systems. If you want to run a higher shot than this, you might want to consider a well-designed direct port system. I have seen as much as a 200-shot used on one of these systems, and an upgraded fuel system would be a must.

450hp just isn't enough, what can I do?

Ah the possibilities Basically you are only limited by your imagination, and your wallet. You know what they say, speed costs money, how fast do you want to go?

The real power lies in Single and Twin turbo upgrades, and the options are limitless. You can either build a mild motor that puts out 450 RWHP all day long with instant boost response, or a 1000+ RWHP monster.

Unfortunately, things start getting more difficult after simple BPU(TM) modifications. Modification becomes more than "bolt on Downpipe, gain 50hp". Things like tuning, parts selection, and matching combinations of parts become much more important. However, this is the case with ANY high HP car. Actually, even at exceptionally high power levels, the Supra TT is still easier to extract power from than almost any other performance car. But it should be kept in mind, that it wouldn't be as simple as the BPU(TM) bolt-ons.

If you just want something that will toast that pesky Viper GTS. Then focus on a mild single turbo upgrade (T04S04, T60-1, SP57-SP61). Along with this, you should install a front mount intercooler, a fuel controller, fuel pulsation damper bypass and EGT gauge. This is assuming you have done all the BPU(TM) mods, plus BOV, EBC, Cam Gears. With tuning, and a few odds and ends, you should be able to pull 450-500 RWHP (490-580 crank HP) numbers while on a stock fuel system (assuming it is in great condition). This would be a total investment of approximately ,700-,500 in engine/electronic components (also includes the proper gauges). If you already have the BPU(TM) mods or FMIC, etc., you will spend less than this. The difference in prices reflects the cost of higher end parts and addition of a HKS VPC to replace the restrictive stock MAF.

The next level would require a completely upgraded fuel system, and performance cams would be recommended, as well as further electronics (programmable engine management such as the AEM, or VPC/GCC/ECU combo, etc.). This would allow you to run much larger turbos and injectors. You can make it past the 700RWHP range without needing to replace the internals of the motor with stronger components, even at these power levels, if properly tuned and maintained you should retain a fair amount of reliability while still on the stock internals, as some people have eclipsed the 800RWHP level while still running stock bottom ends in their Supras. If you choose to go ahead and build up the bottom end, then the skies are the limit as far as power goes. Just make sure to have part selection, installation, and tuning done by competent and experienced persons. Although this should hold true at ANY level of modification.

Should I install a Turbo Timer?

Absolutely. Unless you don't mind sitting in your car while it idles down every single time you need to turn the car off. A Turbo timer keeps the engine running for a preset time once you turn off the ignition. So you can remove your keys, and lock up the car and not have to worry about it, it will shut off on it's own. This is important for the life of the turbos. If the turbos are not given time to cool down, it can overheat the oil and cause coking which will block oil flow to the turbos and damage bearings and cook seals.

How much is the Supra's power output affected by changes in ambient temperatures?

Very noticeably, just as with most turbo cars, the Supra Twin Turbo can be very temperature sensitive. Especially with the stock turbos and intercooler. On a BPU(TM) car, I would not be surprised to see a 10 percent reduction between 50-60deg temperatures, and 90deg plus temperatures

Will the stock clutch hold the power levels of a BPU(TM) car?

It depends on the condition and wear on the stock clutch. If it is in good condition, yes, it will hold the power, pretty well in fact, although you may experience clutch slip while at full boost in high gears such as 5th and 6th. If you drive vigorously, meaning you run at high boost frequently, then the life of the stocker will be GREATLY shortened. Be surprised if you see an extra 10,000 miles after BPU(TM).

Can I resurface my flywheel when replacing the clutch?

It is not recommended. Buy a new Toyota Flywheel.

Can I install a lightweight flywheel?

Yes, but be aware that they can create a lot of noise at idle, and can transmit more vibrations and shock to the expensive Getrag transmission.

Why is pulling the TRAC fuse beneficial over just turning it off with the switch on the center console?

Just pushing the "Trac Off" button only partially disables the Trac system. It disables the Trac throttle body and TRAC function through the ABS System (on 93.5-96 only), but not the Trac system's ignition timing retard function. Unplugging the Trac fuse eliminates both functions, as well as the 155mph speed limiter, which works through the trac system. The fuse can be found in the main fuse box on the driver's side of the engine compartment. It must be noted that removing the fuse will cause the TRAC light to stay on, but you'll get used to it.

Will the TRAC system improve the cars performance?

NO. The Trac system was calibrated to improve traction in slippery conditions. It was not calibrated with performance in mind. When the Trac system senses a loss of traction, it comes on hard, cutting power drastically; this will do nothing but hurt performance. I also would not rely on the Trac system for providing stability at high speeds, if you were to loose control, it would be too slow and clumsy, and would more than likely hamper your efforts to regain control.

How can I remove the factory 155mph speed limiter?

Remove the fuse for the Trac system. The speed limiter works through the Trac throttle body.

What is the Supra TT's top speed with the Trac fuse removed?

There is some debate on this subject. There are rumors that 180 can be achieved. But by going with the numbers, 168-172mph in stock form seems possible.

What is the Supra TT's maximum theoretical top speed? Can it exceed 200mph with enough power?

Lets find out.

The Supra TT with the 6-speed has a stock engine redline of 6800rpm, and a 6th gear ratio of .79:1, with a rear axle ratio of 3.13:1. Now we multiply our 6th gear ratio times our rear axle ratio, and we find out our final gear ratio is 2.472:1. Now we divide 6800rpm by our total gear reduction of 2.472:1 and we find out our rear axles, and therefore wheels are spinning at 2751rpm at 6800 engine rpms.

Now we need to calculate our tire circumference. The rear tires section width it 255mm, and the sidewall's aspect ratio is .40, so our sidewalls are 102mm. Now, to convert this to inches, we divide this by 25.4, which equal's 4.015 inches. Now multiply this by two, since we have two sidewalls making up the total diameter, and add the wheel diameter of 17", and we see a total diameter of 25.031 inches. Now to find out our circumference, we multiply that number times pi (3.14), and we find out the circumference is 78.59 inches, now divide that by 12 to convert to feet. And we get 6.549 feet total circumference.

Now multiply our tire's revolving speed, by the tire's outside circumference, and we find that the tire is covering 18,016 feet per minute, divide that by the 5280 feet in a mile, and we find we are covering 3.412 miles per minute, now multiply that by the 60 minutes in an hour, and we find we are traveling 204.7miles per hour @ 6800rpm in 6th gear. If the engines redline is increased to 7500rpm, which it often is, because of a higher flowing turbo. Then our maximum speed would be 225.8mph, given enough power of course.

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